Laparoscopic evaluation of female infertility

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Gynecological Diagnostics

Background:

• Sub-fertility affects 20% of couples in industrialized nations, with increasing prevalence.
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is being replaced by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy for assessing uterine and tubal factors.
• Laparoscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing the causes of female infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of laparoscopy in sub-fertile women.
• To highlight the role of laparoscopy in establishing a diagnosis for female infertility.
• To compare laparoscopic findings in primary versus secondary infertility.

Main Methods:

• A descriptive study involving 30 sub-fertile patients suspected of endometriosis, abnormal HSG, or unexplained infertility.
• Laparoscopy and dye tests were performed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
• Data from 200 sub-fertile patients were analyzed, with 30 selected for laparoscopic evaluation.

Main Results:

• Endometriosis spots were the most common finding in primary infertility (55%), while tubal occlusion was more frequent in secondary infertility (30%).
• Primary infertility patients (66%) were predominantly in the 18-25 age group, with a mean sub-fertility duration of 1.95 years.
• Secondary infertility patients (33%) were mainly aged 26-33, with a mean sub-fertility duration of 2.70 years.

Conclusions:

• Laparoscopic procedures offer a less invasive and more convenient approach to diagnosing female sub-fertility.
• The study underscores laparoscopy's precision in identifying specific causes of infertility.
• Laparoscopy provides valuable diagnostic insights for managing sub-fertile patients.