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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
Published on: November 18, 2015
Piecewise-continuous boundaries using the MODFLOW FHB and MT3DMS HSS packages.
Matthew Tonkin1, Zaheer Tajani
1S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc., 7944 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. matt@sspa.com
New MODFLOW and MT3DMS packages, Flow and Head Boundary (FHB) and Hydrocarbon Spill Source (HSS), enable accurate simulation of time-varying contaminant influx. These tools simplify inverse modeling for reconstructing historic flow and mass fluxes.
Area of Science:
- Hydrogeology
- Environmental Engineering
- Numerical Modeling
Background:
- Simulating contaminant influx in groundwater models traditionally required cumbersome time discretization.
- Previous methods limited accurate representation of time-varying flow and mass loading, especially for inverse modeling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To verify the utility of the Flow and Head Boundary (FHB) and Hydrocarbon Spill Source (HSS) packages for MODFLOW and MT3DMS.
- To demonstrate the benefits of combining FHB and HSS for simulating contaminant transport.
- To highlight their application in reconstructing historic flow and mass fluxes via inverse modeling.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of FHB and HSS packages with established boundary packages.
- Application of FHB and HSS in inverse modeling scenarios.
- Verification through simulation of time-varying contaminant influx.
Main Results:
- FHB package effectively addresses limitations in simulating time-varying flow.
- HSS package resolves challenges in modeling time-varying contaminant mass loading.
- Combined use of FHB and HSS enhances accuracy in inverse modeling for flow and mass flux reconstruction.
Conclusions:
- The FHB and HSS packages offer significant improvements for simulating complex groundwater contaminant scenarios.
- These packages simplify and enhance the accuracy of inverse modeling for hydrogeologic investigations.
- Their combined use provides a robust solution for reconstructing past flow and contaminant transport dynamics.
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