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Related Concept Videos

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Chromatographic Resolution01:15

Chromatographic Resolution

In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
The effectiveness of separation can be evaluated by determining the level of separation between two neighboring peaks in a chromatogram, which represents the individual components of a sample.
In chromatography,...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
06:44

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Shrinking-core modeling of binary chromatographic breakthrough.

Steven J Traylor1, Xuankuo Xu, Abraham M Lenhoff

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new multicomponent model for breakthrough chromatography, improving separation efficiency. The model accurately predicts binary breakthrough curves and displacement effects for protein mixtures.

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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Chromatography
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Multicomponent modeling is crucial for optimizing chromatographic processes.
  • Breakthrough chromatography is well-studied for single components but less so for multicomponent systems.
  • Existing models often lack accuracy for predicting multicomponent displacement behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, accurate multicomponent model for breakthrough chromatography.
  • To extend single-component analytical solutions to predict binary breakthrough behavior.
  • To validate the model's predictions against experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the shrinking core model for particle uptake under strong binding conditions.
  • Extended analytical column solutions for single-component systems to binary systems.
  • Employed simultaneous solution of ordinary differential equations for numerical predictions.
  • Compared model predictions with experimental data for lysozyme-cytochrome c mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Developed analytical and numerical solutions for binary breakthrough chromatography.
  • The model accurately predicts breakthrough curves and displacement effects.
  • Experimental validation with lysozyme-cytochrome c mixtures on SP Sepharose FF showed favorable agreement.
  • Successfully predicted the displacement profiles of weakly adsorbed species.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multicomponent chromatographic model offers a significant improvement over current methods.
  • The model provides accurate predictions for binary breakthrough behavior and displacement effects.
  • This approach enhances efficiency and yield in chromatographic separations.