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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

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Published on: August 2, 2019

Spin accumulation in triplet Josephson junction.

Zhi Hong Yang1, J Wang, K S Chan

  • 1Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study explores triplet Josephson junctions, finding that differing orbital symmetries can cause spontaneous spin accumulation and current reversal. These phenomena in p-wave Josephson junctions aid in identifying order parameter symmetry.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity Theory
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Josephson junctions are crucial for quantum electronics.
  • Triplet superconductors exhibit complex pairing symmetries.
  • Understanding spin-related phenomena in superconductors is key to novel device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin accumulation and supercurrent in equal-spin pairing triplet Josephson junctions.
  • To analyze the impact of different orbital symmetries of pair potentials on junction properties.
  • To explore current reversal effects and their dependence on d-vector misalignment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Hamiltonian method to model the Josephson junction.
  • Employing Keldysh Green's function for analyzing spin/charge supercurrent and spin accumulation.
  • Investigating Cooper pair properties including orbital symmetries and spin states.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous angle-resolved spin accumulation observed at the interface when orbital symmetries differ.
  • Origin of spin accumulation attributed to combined effects of orbital symmetries and spin states due to d-vector misalignment.
  • Abrupt current reversal effect identified, robust against strong interface scattering due to zero-energy states.

Conclusions:

  • The observed spin accumulation and current reversal are direct consequences of differing orbital symmetries in triplet superconductors.
  • These unique properties of p-wave Josephson junctions offer a potential pathway for experimental identification of order parameter symmetry.
  • The findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of spin-related phenomena in unconventional superconductors.