Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DC Battery01:21

DC Battery

A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Junction Potentials in Galvanic Cells01:21

Junction Potentials in Galvanic Cells

The Nernst equation, derived under the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium, calculates the electromotive force (emf) as the sum of potential differences at phase boundaries in a reversible cell without a liquid junction. However, in irreversible cells such as the Daniell cell, an additional potential difference named the liquid-junction potential (EJ) arises across the interface of two electrolyte solutions due to different ion diffusion rates. This EJ represents the potential difference...
Concentration Cells01:29

Concentration Cells

A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the emf arises from a difference in concentration of a species between two half-cells. Unlike galvanic cells, where electrical energy comes from a chemical reaction, the driving force here is the transfer of matter from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. The overall process is therefore physical in nature. A classic illustration is a cell made of two chlorine electrodes operating at different chlorine gas...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nonequilibrium ion transport in a hybrid battery material.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Self-powered dual-electrode hydrogen production using a composite ion exchange membrane.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Electrochemical chlorination byproducts (ECBPs): A potential blind spot in electrochemical treatment of waste activated sludge.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Promoting Butyrate and Caproate Selectivity from CO<sub>2</sub> in Microbial Electrosynthesis: Effect of Na<sup>+</sup> Regulation and Microbial Mechanisms.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Microbial electrosynthesis of methane in an up-scaled zero-gap cell.

Water research·2026
Same author

Modeling Zero-Gap Saltwater Electrolysis With Advective Flow Through a Thin-Film Composite Membrane.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Synergistic Ion-Solvent Modulation Derived Robust Multiphase Solid Electrolyte Interphases for High-Rate and Long-Term Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Actively Tunable Metalens with Varying Fields of View.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Optical Spectral Fingerprinting Enables Sensitive Detection of Anthracycline Chemotherapeutics in Synthetic Clinical Biofluids.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Gate-Tunable Magnetoresistance in Antiferromagnetic van der Waals FePS<sub>3</sub> Transistors.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Highly Localized Plasmonic Jackiw-Rebbi State from a Topological Phase Transition.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Anisotropic Magnetoresistance and Giant Topological Hall Effect in In-Plane Topological Spin Structures.

Nano letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Batteries for efficient energy extraction from a water salinity difference.

Fabio La Mantia1, Mauro Pasta, Heather D Deshazer

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Nano Letters
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel mixing entropy battery to harness the energy from the salinity difference between seawater and river water. This innovative device efficiently extracts and stores electrochemical energy, offering a significant renewable energy source.

More Related Videos

Self-standing Electrochemical Set-up to Enrich Anode-respiring Bacteria On-site
05:29

Self-standing Electrochemical Set-up to Enrich Anode-respiring Bacteria On-site

Published on: July 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Self-standing Electrochemical Set-up to Enrich Anode-respiring Bacteria On-site
05:29

Self-standing Electrochemical Set-up to Enrich Anode-respiring Bacteria On-site

Published on: July 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The salinity gradient between seawater and river water represents a vast, untapped source of renewable energy.
  • Efficiently converting this osmotic power into usable energy remains a significant technological challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel device, the
  • mixing entropy battery
  • , capable of extracting and storing energy from salinity differences.
  • To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of this battery for real-world energy generation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a mixing entropy battery utilizing a Na(2-x)Mn(5)O(10) nanorod electrode.
  • Testing the battery's performance with actual seawater and river water samples.
  • Assessing energy extraction efficiency and potential scalability.

Main Results:

  • The mixing entropy battery successfully extracted and stored electrochemical energy from various salt waters.
  • Achieved energy extraction efficiencies of up to 74%.
  • Potential for significant renewable energy production, estimated at 2 TW.

Conclusions:

  • The mixing entropy battery offers a promising and simple method for harnessing salinity gradient energy.
  • This technology has the potential to contribute substantially to future renewable energy portfolios.
  • Further development could unlock a significant portion of global energy needs.