Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Innovating to Improve Individualized Training in Internal Medicine Residency: Inpatient Threads and Block 2.0.

Journal of general internal medicine·2025
Same author

How Closely Does Internal Medicine Residency Program Director Protected Time Align with the Expected Amount?

The American journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Stereotype Threat and Gender Bias in Internal Medicine Residency: It is Still Hard to be in Charge.

Journal of general internal medicine·2023
Same author

The Road Not Taken: Disconnection of a Human-Unique Cortical Pathway Underlying Naturalistic Social Perception in Schizophrenia.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2023
Same author

Stimulus-driven visual attention in mice.

Journal of vision·2022
Same author

Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2021
Same journal

Geographical psychology: Spatial variation in psychological phenomena and their consequences.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Multi-brain neurofeedback: what are we training for?

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

The developing vocal self.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Searching beyond decrements: Attentional guidance across the adult lifespan.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Looking into working memory through micro eye movements.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same journal

Timescapes of non-human experience.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Thalamic pathways for active vision.

Robert H Wurtz1, Kerry McAlonan, James Cavanaugh

  • 1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bob@lsr.nei.nih.gov

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active vision integrates retinal input with internal brain signals, particularly during saccadic eye movements. This review highlights four thalamic nuclei involved in processing corollary discharge for stable vision and spatial attention.

More Related Videos

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits
07:43

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Published on: December 27, 2013

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
10:05

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions

Published on: August 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits
07:43

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Published on: December 27, 2013

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
10:05

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions

Published on: August 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Thalamic Nuclei Function

Background:

  • Active vision integrates external sensory data with internal brain-generated information.
  • Saccadic eye movements generate internal signals crucial for visual processing.
  • The thalamus, beyond the lateral geniculate nucleus, relays internal information to the cerebral cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on four higher-order thalamic nuclei.
  • To explore the role of these nuclei in processing internal information related to saccades and attention.
  • To understand their contribution to stable visual perception and spatial attention mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of neurophysiological studies on thalamic nuclei.
  • Synthesis of findings on corollary discharge and spatial attention pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified two thalamic pathways conveying corollary discharge information about saccades.
  • These pathways likely support neuronal mechanisms for stable visual perception.
  • Identified two additional pathways potentially involved in visual spatial attention in cortex and thalamus.

Conclusions:

  • Specific higher-order thalamic nuclei play critical roles in active vision.
  • These nuclei are involved in processing internal signals for visual stability and attention.
  • Further research on these thalamic pathways can elucidate mechanisms of visual perception and attention.