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Related Concept Videos

Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

Antimicrobials & cholera: are we stranded?

Amit Ghosh1, T Ramamurthy

  • 1National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India. amitghosh24@yahoo.com

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae is a growing concern, with strains becoming resistant to multiple antibiotics. New strategies focus on pathogen-specific drugs targeting virulence mechanisms to combat this threat.

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Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages
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Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages
09:39

Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Resistance

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, particularly in treating infectious diseases.
  • Despite advances in hygiene and vaccines, diarrheal diseases, especially in young children, remain a burden.
  • Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has transitioned from being largely sensitive to antibiotics to exhibiting multi-drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae.
  • To discuss the mechanisms driving the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistance in V. cholerae.
  • To explore novel strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance, including the development of pathogen-specific drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae.
  • Analysis of documented mechanisms of resistance, including genetic and molecular factors.
  • Examination of current trends in antibiotic discovery and development.

Main Results:

  • Vibrio cholerae strains globally demonstrate increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics.
  • Mechanisms of resistance include extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, quinolone resistance, and chromosomal mutations.
  • Horizontal gene transfer via mobile genetic elements facilitates the rapid spread of resistance determinants.

Conclusions:

  • The expanding spectrum of drug resistance in V. cholerae is a serious concern, despite not all strains being resistant to all antibiotics.
  • Declining investment in new antibiotic discovery, due to short drug lifespans and rapid resistance development, necessitates alternative approaches.
  • Developing pathogen-specific drugs that target virulence mechanisms is a promising strategy to overcome resistance and prolong antibiotic efficacy.