Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acquisition of a novel restriction modification system regulates genetic flux and gene expression in the hypervirulent and globally disseminated CC17 lineage of group B Streptococcus.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

The Slr protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is selectively expressed in vivo and is a target for protective antibodies.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Immune-adaptive pathogen variation reveals targetable mediators of gram-positive bacterial killing in macrophages.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Viral infections and invasive group a streptococcal disease incidence during 2022-2023.

The Lancet regional health. Europe·2026
Same author

Mortality Among Patients With Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Caused by the M1UK Lineage: A Retrospective Cohort Study in England and Wales.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes and Common Respiratory Viruses at Age 0 to 4 Years After COVID-19 Restrictions.

JAMA network open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells
09:25

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Published on: August 19, 2016

New understandings in Streptococcus pyogenes.

Nicola N Lynskey1, Richard A Lawrenson, Shiranee Sriskandan

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections are surging, driven by hypervirulent M1T1 strains. Advances in understanding GAS virulence factors and the need for a broad-spectrum vaccine are crucial for public health.

More Related Videos

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells
09:25

Implementation of a Permeable Membrane Insert-based Infection System to Study the Effects of Secreted Bacterial Toxins on Mammalian Host Cells

Published on: August 19, 2016

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Invasive group A streptococcal infections present a significant global health burden.
  • Recent years have seen a concerning resurgence of invasive infections, particularly in developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the biology of group A Streptococcus (GAS).
  • To highlight key factors contributing to the rise in invasive GAS infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on group A Streptococcus.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on invasive GAS infections.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of GAS virulence.

Main Results:

  • A hypervirulent clonal population of M1T1 serotype strains (emm1) is linked to the current upsurge.
  • Mutations in the CovR/S regulatory system are critical for the transition to an invasive phenotype in emm1 strains.
  • Rheumatic heart disease remains a major concern in low-income regions, necessitating broader vaccine strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular technologies have enhanced understanding of GAS virulence factors.
  • The rising incidence of invasive GAS disease and the burden of rheumatic heart disease underscore the urgent need for an effective GAS vaccine.