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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
08:21

Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)

Published on: March 16, 2012

Chromosome-mediated gene thnsfer.

J M Shipley1, D Sheer

  • 1Human Cytogenics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) uses purified chromosomes to deliver genetic information between species. This method enables the transfer of large DNA fragments, bridging gaps in gene transfer techniques.

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Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
08:21

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Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian gene transfer is crucial for genetic research.
  • Existing methods like transfection and microcell-mediated gene transfer have limitations in DNA fragment size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) as a novel method for genetic material delivery.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of purified metaphase chromosomes as vectors for genetic information.

Main Methods:

  • Purified metaphase chromosomes were isolated from donor cells (typically human).
  • These chromosomes were used to transfer genetic fragments into recipient mammalian cells (typically rodent).
  • The ability of recipient cells to maintain the transferred genetic material was assessed.

Main Results:

  • McBride and Ozer demonstrated that purified chromosomes can transfer genetic information into mammalian cells.
  • Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) successfully transferred subchromosomal fragments between species.
  • This technique allows for the transfer of larger DNA segments compared to traditional cloning or transfection.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) provides a unique approach for introducing genetic material into mammalian cells.
  • CMGT bridges the gap between whole chromosome transfer and short DNA fragment cloning.
  • This method expands the toolkit for genetic engineering and functional genomics research.