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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
The endometrium is the...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Endometriosis.

Simone Ferrero1, Valentino Remorgida, Pier Luigi Venturini

  • 1San Martino Hospital and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates hormonal and surgical treatments for endometriosis, a condition affecting women of reproductive age. Findings cover the effectiveness and safety of various interventions, aiding clinical decision-making for dysmenorrhea and subfertility.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Endometriosis affects 1.5-6.2% of reproductive-age women, often linked to dysmenorrhea and subfertility.
  • Peak incidence occurs around age 40, though symptoms may not always correlate with diagnostic findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of hormonal and non-hormonal treatments for endometriosis.
  • To assess interventions given at diagnosis, before surgery, and post-surgery.
  • To evaluate treatments for ovarian endometriomas and post-oophorectomy scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 40 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to December 2009.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).

Main Results:

  • Evaluated effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions using GRADE methodology.
  • Included combined oral contraceptives, danazol, progestogens, GnRH analogues, aromatase inhibitors.
  • Assessed surgical options like laparoscopic cystectomy and presacral neurectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Presents evidence on the effectiveness and safety of various endometriosis treatments.
  • Provides information on hormonal and surgical interventions for different clinical scenarios.
  • Supports informed treatment choices for patients with endometriosis.