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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy
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Published on: March 1, 2024

Athletic pubalgia (sports hernia).

Demetrius E M Litwin1, Erica B Sneider, Patrick M McEnaney

  • 1Department of Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. litwind@ummhc.org

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Athletic pubalgia, or sports hernia, causes chronic groin pain in athletes. This review clarifies the confusing literature on its causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • General Surgery

Background:

  • Athletic pubalgia, commonly known as a sports hernia, is a frequent cause of chronic lower abdominal and groin pain.
  • The broad differential diagnosis for groin pain means few patients meet the specific criteria for athletic pubalgia.
  • Existing literature on sports hernias is often contradictory and confusing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on athletic pubalgia (sports hernia).
  • To outline a clear diagnostic and treatment approach for this debilitating condition.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on athletic pubalgia and sports hernias.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Athletic pubalgia is characterized by chronic lower abdominal and groin pain, often misdiagnosed due to a wide differential.
  • A clear understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment remains challenging.
  • This article provides a structured overview of the current understanding and clinical approach.

Conclusions:

  • Athletic pubalgia (sports hernia) is a distinct clinical syndrome requiring careful diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to resolve inconsistencies in the literature.
  • A systematic approach is essential for effective management of sports hernia-related groin pain.