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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
09:53

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Published on: June 15, 2018

MicroRNAs and liver disease.

Thomas A Kerr1, Kevin M Korenblat, Nicholas O Davidson

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, impacting liver disease pathogenesis. This review highlights advances in understanding their role in liver conditions and potential as biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Posttranscriptional gene regulation significantly contributes to disease.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators, affecting RNA stability and translation.
  • miRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in the role of miRNAs in liver disease.
  • To discuss the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers for liver injury and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNAs in liver disease.
  • Analysis of miRNA processing, function, and targets.
  • Evaluation of miRNA biomarker potential.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play critical roles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to liver disease progression.
  • miRNAs show promise as sensitive biomarkers for liver injury and neoplasia.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are integral to liver disease pathogenesis.
  • miRNAs represent a promising avenue for diagnostic and prognostic applications in hepatology.