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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
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Published on: October 6, 2022

System level changes in gene expression in maturing bladder mucosa.

Mikhail Dozmorov1, Randolph Stone, John L Clifford

  • 1Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified 66 genes down-regulated during bladder maturation, offering potential targets for regeneration and treating age-related bladder dysfunction. This study provides insights into healthy bladder growth and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology and Developmental Biology
  • Transcriptomics and Gene Expression Analysis
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bladder dysfunction presents early in life as birth defects and later as incontinence and overactive bladder.
  • Understanding normal bladder growth and maturation is crucial for addressing these conditions.
  • The study focuses on identifying key molecular pathways involved in bladder development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptome of mouse bladder mucosa during juvenile and adult development.
  • To identify pathways associated with normal, healthy bladder growth and maturation.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for bladder regeneration and age-related functional decline.

Main Methods:

  • RNA isolation from mouse bladder mucosa at 4 distinct postnatal time points (3, 6, 20, 30 weeks).
  • Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix® Mouse 430 v2 arrays (approx. 45,000 genes).
  • Statistical analysis to identify significantly changed genes over time, with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation.

Main Results:

  • No significant gene up-regulation observed during maturation.
  • 66 well-annotated genes showed a statistically significant downward trend with age.
  • Key affected functions include transcription, cellular regulation, neurogenesis, blood vessel development, and cell differentiation.
  • Notable down-regulated genes include collagens, Mmp2, SPARC, and transcription factors like Crebbp, Runx1, and Tcf4.
  • Specificity protein 1 and EGF receptor-specific transcription factor identified as potential regulators.

Conclusions:

  • A specific set of genes is down-regulated during urothelial maturation.
  • These down-regulated genes represent potential targets for bladder regeneration strategies.
  • Findings may inform treatments for age-related bladder dysfunction and loss of function.