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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
13:45

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

Published on: February 7, 2019

Merkel cell carcinoma.

Emma Ramahi1, Jehee Choi, Clifton D Fuller

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Oncology
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive skin cancer. Treatment often involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but optimal protocols require further study due to MCC

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Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines

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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm.
  • MCC has a high mortality rate and poorly understood etiology.
  • Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA is found in a significant percentage of MCC tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding and management of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight the challenges in establishing optimal treatment protocols for MCC.
  • To review the role of risk factors and diagnostic workup in MCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published data and clinical guidelines for MCC management.
  • Analysis of risk factors including sun exposure, immunosuppression, and prior malignancy.
  • Discussion of diagnostic nodal staging methods like sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Main Results:

  • MCC prognosis is generally poor, with limited data from prospective trials.
  • A multimodality approach is supported by current evidence.
  • Key treatment components include surgical excision, nodal staging, adjuvant radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for advanced disease.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal treatment protocols for MCC are not definitively established due to its rarity.
  • A comprehensive multimodality approach is the current standard of care.
  • Further research is needed to refine MCC treatment strategies.