Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnosing intravascular B-cell lymphoma using nanopore sequencing of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid.

ESMO open·2024
Same author

The Joint Vasculitis Registry in German-speaking countries (GeVas) - a prospective, multicenter registry for the follow-up of long-term outcomes in vasculitis.

BMC rheumatology·2021
Same author

[Primary central nervous system vasculitis].

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2015
Same author

[Stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. Hamburg experiences and state of international research].

Der Nervenarzt·2015
Same author

Improved detection of bacterial central nervous system infections by use of a broad-range PCR assay.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2014
Same author

Immune activation in amyloid-β-related angiitis correlates with decreased parenchymal amyloid-β plaque load.

Neuro-degenerative diseases·2013
Same journal

[When brain abscesses run in the family…].

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same journal

[Digital health applications and adherence in depression: a qualitative study from the perspective of healthcare providers].

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same journal

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same journal

[Rare genetic diseases with frequent mental symptoms].

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same journal

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same journal

Der Nervenarzt·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
08:20

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis

Published on: June 2, 2022

[Autoimmune synaptic encephalopathies].

M A Friese1, T Magnus

  • 1Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Klinische MS-Forschung, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Deutschland. manuel.friese@zmnh.uni-hamburg.de

Der Nervenarzt
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibody-associated limbic encephalitis is increasingly recognized as targeting cell surface synaptic proteins, distinct from traditional paraneoplastic syndromes. This understanding aids in diagnosing and treating autoimmune neurological disorders.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
08:17

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
08:20

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis

Published on: June 2, 2022

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
08:17

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Antibody-associated limbic encephalitis traditionally viewed as a paraneoplastic syndrome targeting intracellular antigens.
  • Recent findings highlight antibodies targeting cell surface synaptic proteins.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate autoimmune limbic encephalitis targeting cell surface proteins from paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • To emphasize the distinct autoimmune nature and clinical relevance of these antibodies.

Summary:

  • Antibodies targeting cell surface synaptic proteins represent a distinct entity in autoimmune diseases, not always linked to tumors.
  • Their direct interaction with target antigens causes clinical symptoms, making immune treatment effective.
  • Specialized laboratory tests are now available for differentiating these antibodies.

Impact:

  • Facilitates accurate diagnosis and classification of limbic encephalitis.
  • Guides targeted immunotherapies for improved patient outcomes in autoimmune neurological disorders.
  • Advances understanding of autoimmune encephalitis pathogenesis.