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Related Concept Videos

Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
Western Blotting01:15

Western Blotting

Western blotting is an analytical technique for protein identification. It has various applications in immunology and medicine, including detecting diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease, and human and feline immunodeficiency virus from biological samples.
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.
In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos
09:57

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos

Published on: January 30, 2013

Dot-blot hybridization method.

H E Bergmans1, W Gaastra

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, State University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acid hybridization identifies DNA and RNA by binding complementary fragments. This technique quantifies nucleic acid amounts based on sequence homology and hybridization stringency.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleic acid hybridization is a fundamental molecular biology technique.
  • It enables the detection and quantification of specific DNA and RNA sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the principles and applications of nucleic acid hybridization.
  • To explain the methodology involving probes and filter supports.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of single-stranded (ss) DNA or RNA onto a filter support.
  • Incubation with radioactively labeled complementary ss DNA or RNA probes.
  • Washing steps to remove non-hybridized probe and control stringency.

Main Results:

  • Successful hybridization allows for identification of homologous nucleic acid sequences.
  • The amount of bound probe correlates with the target nucleic acid quantity.
  • Washing conditions (ion concentration, temperature) influence specificity and retention of hybridized probe.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid hybridization is a versatile tool for nucleic acid analysis.
  • The technique allows for both qualitative identification and quantitative estimation.
  • Optimization of hybridization and washing conditions is crucial for accurate results.