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Updated: Jun 3, 2026
Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
Published on: July 8, 2025
Outcome of surgery in long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation
Kadircan H Keskinbora1, Tansu Gonen, Fatih Horozoglu
1Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Background:
This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation.
Methods:
Medical charts of a group of patients with esotropia who had cross fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one patients aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five patients were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery.
Results:
Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all patients. Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in patients who had inferior oblique overaction. Orthotropia was attained in 14 patients, whereas residual esotropia was diagnosed in 5 patients. Two patients were diagnosed as having exotropia. Two patients required a second surgery for dissociated vertical deviation. Overall, 9 of the 21 patients had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity.
Conclusion:
Surgical correction of long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.
