Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.

C4 Pathway and CAM

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

NMR of Fully and Partially <sup>13</sup>C-Enriched Biomass Enhances Pendent Group Structural Characterization.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

Lignin structural changes and high p-coumaroylation in incipient lignification in moso bamboo.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

Preparation of antimicrobial biopolymer particles through co-precipitation of hen egg white lysozyme and poly(hydroxy butyrate).

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026

Same author

Structural Basis for Potassium Inhibition of WNK Kinases.

Biochemistry·2026

Same author

Beyond Solanaceae: incorporation of feruloyltyramine and feruloyloctopamine into Cannabaceae lignins.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

Introducing furanocoumarin biosynthetic genes in tomato results in coumarins accumulation and impacts growth.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

CCoAOMT suppression modifies lignin composition in Pinus radiata.

Armin Wagner¹, Yuki Tobimatsu, Lorelle Phillips

¹Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. armin.wagner@scionresearch.com

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology

|March 24, 2011

Summary

Researchers identified caffeyl alcohol as a new lignin component in wood by suppressing caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT). This discovery impacts our understanding of lignin biosynthesis and its chemical processes.

More Related Videos

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

In Planta Gene Expression and Gene Editing in Moso Bamboo Leaves

In Planta Gene Expression and Gene Editing in Moso Bamboo Leaves

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

In Planta Gene Expression and Gene Editing in Moso Bamboo Leaves

In Planta Gene Expression and Gene Editing in Moso Bamboo Leaves

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Forestry Science

Background:

Lignin biosynthesis is crucial for plant cell wall structure and function.
Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a key enzyme in the lignin pathway.
Understanding lignin composition is vital for wood properties and utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of PrCCoAOMT in lignin formation in Pinus radiata.
To characterize the changes in lignin composition upon suppression of PrCCoAOMT.
To identify novel lignin monomers involved in polymerization.

Main Methods:

Isolation of a Pinus radiata cDNA clone for CCoAOMT.
Suppression of PrCCoAOMT expression in tracheary element cultures.
Analysis of lignin content and composition using Acetyl Bromide-soluble lignin assays, Pyrolysis-GC/MS, and 2D-NMR.
Synthesis and 2D-NMR analysis of model lignins.

Main Results:

Suppression of PrCCoAOMT reduced overall lignin content by up to 20%.
Reduced lignin was primarily due to depletion of guaiacyl (G) units and increased p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units, elevating the H/G ratio.
2D-NMR identified caffeyl alcohol as a novel lignin constituent in suppressed lines, leading to the formation of catechyl (C) units.

Conclusions:

PrCCoAOMT plays a significant role in regulating lignin composition, particularly G-unit formation.
Caffeyl alcohol is a newly identified monomer incorporated into lignin, forming catechyl units.
Lignin polymerization is influenced by the availability of specific phenylpropanoids and proceeds via chemical processes.