Simulation study of territory size distributions in subterranean termites

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Mathematical Biology
• Entomology

Background:

• Subterranean termites, including Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes, exhibit complex foraging behaviors.
• Understanding termite territoriality is crucial for predicting colony spread and managing infestations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To simulate and analyze the foraging tunnel patterns of two subterranean termite species.
• To investigate the effects of inter-colony competition on territory size distribution.
• To develop a model for quantifying territoriality in termite colonies.

Main Methods:

• A two-dimensional simulation model was developed to represent termite foraging tunnels.
• Territory was defined as a convex polygon encompassing tunnel patterns.
• Competition was modeled using a blocking probability (P(block)) and varying territory densities (N).

Main Results:

• Lower territory density (N=20) resulted in minimal differences in territory size distribution across P(block) values.
• Higher territory density (N>20) showed increased territory sizes influenced by combined P(block) and N effects.
• An interference coefficient (γ) was derived, mathematically linking P(block) and N to network growth limitations.

Conclusions:

• The developed model effectively simulates termite territorial competition and its impact on territory size.
• The interference coefficient (γ) provides a quantifiable measure of territoriality applicable to various species.
• The study highlights the importance of colony density and competition in shaping termite foraging patterns.