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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

[Three-dimensional sonoembryology--myth or reality].

D Atanasova, D Markov, E Pavlova

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |March 25, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound effectively visualizes early embryonic central nervous system development, correlating well with classical embryology stages. This technique allows detailed anatomical assessment of the developing fetal brain between 7 and 10 weeks of gestation.

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    Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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    Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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    Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

    Published on: January 17, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Embryology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Classical embryology provides a foundational understanding of embryonic development.
    • Early visualization of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for assessing normal development.
    • Limitations exist in visualizing delicate embryonic structures with traditional methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe normal embryonic CNS development using 3D transvaginal ultrasound (TV US) from 7 to 10 weeks of gestation (w.g.).
    • To compare embryonic development visualized by 3D TV US with classical embryology.
    • To evaluate the utility of advanced ultrasound technology in early fetal neuroimaging.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective longitudinal study involving 36 pregnant women (7–10 w.g.).
    • High-end ultrasound equipment (Voluson 730 Expert) with a high-frequency 3D TV probe was utilized.
    • Embryonic volumes, including the cranial pole, were acquired and analyzed using specialized post-processing software (4D View ver. 9.1).

    Main Results:

    • 3D TV US enabled adequate visualization of the embryonic CNS, aligning with Carnegie stages.
    • Key structures identified at 7 w.g. included the diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and cerebral hemispheres.
    • By 8 w.g., the choroid plexus, fourth ventricle, and cerebellum became recognizable, with progressive assessment of changes up to 10 w.g.

    Conclusions:

    • High-frequency 3D TV probes provide excellent visualization of the developing embryo.
    • Detailed anatomical descriptions of major cerebral structures and the ventricular system are achievable between 7 and 10 w.g.
    • A strong correlation exists between 3D TV US findings and classical embryology, validating its use in early neurodevelopmental assessment.