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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Modified Technique for Inducing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Mice
04:49

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Published on: July 5, 2024

[Adolescent PCOS].

S Kedikova, M Sirakov

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |March 25, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents presents with irregular periods and hyperandrogenism, often co-occurring with metabolic syndrome. Accurate diagnosis is challenging but essential for effective treatment.

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    Published on: October 2, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Health
    • Pediatrics

    Context:

    • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in adolescents.
    • Characterized by menstrual irregularities (fewer than 6 cycles/year) and hyperandrogenism.
    • High prevalence of metabolic syndrome (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension) in adolescent PCOS.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the diagnostic complexities of PCOS in adolescence.
    • To emphasize the importance of precise diagnosis for appropriate therapeutic interventions.
    • To underscore the link between PCOS, precocious puberty, and low birth weight.

    Summary:

    • Adolescent PCOS involves irregular menstruation and signs of excess androgens.
    • Over half of cases exhibit metabolic syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance.
    • Diagnosis is complicated by syndrome heterogeneity and overlap with normal adolescent physiology.

    Impact:

    • Early and accurate PCOS diagnosis in adolescents is critical for managing metabolic and reproductive health.
    • Understanding diagnostic challenges can improve clinical practice and patient outcomes.
    • Highlights the need for tailored diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for this population.