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Related Concept Videos

The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst.

Vivek Manchanda1, Anup Mohta, Nita Khurana

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (Affiliated to Maulana Azad Medical College), Geeta colony, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies. This report highlights diagnostic challenges and successful surgical management of two pediatric cases located over the manubrium sterni.

Keywords:
Bronchogenic cystpaediatricsubcutaneous cyst

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

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Published on: November 10, 2014

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults
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Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bronchogenic cysts arise from abnormal development of the primitive tracheobronchial tree during fetal life.
  • Typically located in the middle mediastinum, ectopic presentations are uncommon.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric patients presented with subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts situated over the manubrium sterni.
  • Pre-operative diagnosis of these rare superficial locations posed significant challenges.

Findings:

  • Complete surgical excision was performed for both patients.
  • Histopathological confirmation of bronchogenic cyst was obtained.

Implications:

  • This case series underscores the importance of considering rare presentations of bronchogenic cysts.
  • Early diagnosis and complete excision are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric patients.
  • Further research into the embryological basis of ectopic bronchogenic cysts may improve diagnostic accuracy.