Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026

06:16
mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
Published on: May 1, 2021
Computational prediction of viral miRNAs
1Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany. Adam.Grundhoff@hpi.uni-hamburg.de
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 25, 2011
Summary
Computational prediction offers an efficient alternative for discovering novel microRNAs (miRNAs), especially in viral genomes. This study details a protocol using VMir, a new tool for identifying viral pre-miRNAs with minimal technical effort.
Area of Science:
- Bioinformatics
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Next-generation sequencing and cloning are established methods for novel miRNA discovery.
- Computational miRNA prediction offers a technically accessible alternative, particularly for viral genomes where candidate numbers are manageable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a detailed protocol for predicting viral microRNA (miRNA) genes.
- To introduce VMir, a novel ab initio prediction program specifically designed for viral pre-miRNA identification.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing VMir, an ab initio prediction program.
- Applying the protocol to viral genomes for pre-miRNA identification.
Main Results:
- The protocol facilitates the prediction of putative miRNA genes in viral genomes.
- VMir is specifically designed for identifying pre-miRNAs in viral sequences.
Conclusions:
- Computational prediction, particularly with tools like VMir, is a valuable and efficient method for discovering viral miRNAs.
- The presented protocol enables researchers to identify potential viral pre-miRNAs with reduced technical requirements.
Related Concept Videos
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Viruses with RNA Genomes
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Human Virome
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

