Concurrence of multiple types of eyelid synkinesia in a patient with congenital anomalies
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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
Published on: July 8, 2025
Akihiko Ishiyama1, Yoshiaki Saito, Kenji Sugai
1Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. ishiyama@ncnp.go.jp
Abstract:
We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies, including ptosis, polydactyly, ventricular septal defect, epilepsy, and intellectual deficits. The patient presented with synkinetic eyelid movements accompanying jaw and ocular movements, including Marcus-Gunn phenomenon (eyelid elevation at mouth opening) in the right eye, inverse Marcus-Gunn phenomenon (aggravation of ptosis at mouth opening) in the left eye, and unilateral eyelid elevation on each side during ipsilateral abduction. This suggests that the different types of synkinesia may represent a common etiology of aberrant innervations and/or reflex phenomena of the cranial nerves caused by a specific genetic defect.
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