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Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

Imaging apoptosis in the eye.

M F Cordeiro¹, C Migdal, P Bloom

¹Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Visual Neurosciences, Bath Street, London, UK. m.cordeiro@ucl.ac.uk

Eye (London, England)

|March 26, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells (DARC) imaging visualizes programmed cell death in the retina. This innovative technique may enable early glaucoma detection and therapy assessment before irreversible vision loss.

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Quantification of Immunostained Caspase-9 in Retinal Tissue

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Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Cell Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is crucial in physiological and pathological processes.
In vivo imaging of apoptosis using radiolabeled annexin V has advanced disease detection and therapy monitoring.
Fluorescently labeled annexin V enables visualization of apoptotic retinal cells via ophthalmoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate the DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) technique for in vivo retinal apoptosis imaging.
To assess the potential of DARC for early diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.
To explore DARC as a novel endpoint for evaluating glaucoma therapies.

Main Methods:

Utilizing fluorescently labeled annexin V for in vivo imaging of apoptosis in retinal cells.
Employing ophthalmoscopy for visualization of DARC.
Planning clinical trials in glaucoma patients.

Main Results:

DARC shows promise for direct assessment of retinal ganglion cell health.
The technique allows for early, quantitative analysis of cellular degeneration in glaucoma.
Results suggest DARC can identify patients at risk of irreversible vision loss.

Conclusions:

DARC represents a significant advancement in visualizing retinal apoptosis in real-time.
This method holds potential for early glaucoma detection and intervention.
DARC may offer a much-needed rapid, objective clinical endpoint for glaucoma treatment efficacy.