Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
Pediatric Animal Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Circulatory Arrest
Published on: May 26, 2023
Hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass for muscular ventricular septal defects in children
Xuming Mo1, Weisong Zuo, Zhifei Ma
1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China. zhifeimawy@gmail.com
Insights
The hybrid procedure using cardiopulmonary bypass effectively closes muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSD) in children. This innovative technique ensures successful outcomes with no residual issues or late deaths.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Surgery
- Interventional Cardiology
Background:
- Muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSD) represent a significant congenital heart defect in children.
- Surgical closure of mVSDs can be complex, necessitating advanced techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the technique and clinical outcomes of a hybrid procedure for mVSD closure in pediatric patients.
- To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combined approach.
Main Methods:
- A hybrid procedure combining device closure with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was performed on 45 children with mVSD from 2006 to 2010.
- Procedures were guided by transesophageal echocardiography, with mVSDs closed percutaneously under direct vision.
- Concurrent surgical repair was performed for other cardiac lesions in 14 patients; large membranous VSDs were patched in 38 cases.
Main Results:
- Successful closure of mVSDs was achieved in all 45 cases using one or two occluders (3-8mm).
- No residual shunting, valve regurgitation, or structural restrictions were observed post-procedure.
- All pediatric patients survived the operation and experienced no late mortality during follow-up.
Conclusions:
- The hybrid procedure with CPB is a safe and effective method for closing congenital muscular ventricular septal defects in children.
- This approach offers a promising alternative for managing complex pediatric cardiac conditions.
Objective:
To summarize the technique and clinical experience of the hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD).
Methods:
From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in the 45 cases. Fourteen patients had another lesion that required surgical repair. Large membranous VSDs were closed with a pericardial patch after the initiation of CPB in 38 cases.
Results:
Out of the 45 cases, 42 had only one occluder and three had two occluders. The size of the device for mVSD closure ranged from 3 to 8mm. All cases recovered smoothly after treatment without residual shunting, aortic or mitral valve regurgitation, or restriction of surrounding structures. All the children survived the operation with no late deaths during the follow-up.
Conclusion:
The hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.
