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A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Autonomic dysfunction in neurodegenerative dementias.

Juan Idiaquez1, Gustavo C Roman

  • 1Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Libertad 63, Viña del Mar, Chile. idiaquez@123.cl

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic dysfunction, including orthostatic hypotension, is common in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. Assessing these symptoms aids in preventing falls and managing constipation in dementia patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Medicine

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction, including syncope, orthostatic hypotension (OH), urinary incontinence, and constipation, is prevalent in demented patients.
  • Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) exhibit significant autonomic dysfunction, unlike Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
  • Urinary symptoms are a key feature of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of autonomic dysfunction in dementia.
  • To underscore the utility of non-invasive tests in diagnosing and managing autonomic symptoms in dementia patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of evaluating autonomic function for preventing complications and optimizing drug therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard cardiovascular tests to assess autonomic function.
  • Employed 123I-metaiodobenzylguanide (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy for cardiac autonomic assessment.
  • Included urodynamic tests, gastrointestinal motility studies, sweating reflexes, and pupillary responses to evaluate diverse autonomic functions.

Main Results:

  • Syncope associated with OH, urinary incontinence, and constipation are common in DLB and PDD.
  • AD and FTLD demonstrate less pronounced autonomic dysfunction.
  • NPH prominently features urinary symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing autonomic symptoms and abnormal test results in dementia patients is crucial.
  • Early identification and management of autonomic dysfunction can prevent falls and severe constipation.
  • Understanding autonomic function aids in avoiding adverse drug effects impacting autonomic regulation.