Obstructive sleep apnea as a potential risk factor for aortic disease
Hirokazu Saruhara1, Yoshifumi Takata, Yasuhiro Usui
1Second Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Heart and Vessels
|March 29, 2011
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with aortic diseases like aneurysms and dissections. This suggests OSA may be a risk factor for these serious aortic conditions, though more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to hypertension and may influence aortic disease progression due to mechanical stress from negative intrathoracic pressure.
- The relationship between OSA and various aortic conditions requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of OSA in patients diagnosed with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and aortic dissection (AD).
- To compare OSA prevalence across different aortic disease locations and with a control group.
Main Methods:
- Overnight sleep studies were conducted on 95 patients with aortic disease (TAA, AAA, AD) and 32 matched controls.
- Key metrics included the 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to assess OSA severity.
Main Results:
- Patients with TAA, AAA, and AD exhibited significantly higher 3% ODI compared to controls.
- Moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events/h) was significantly more prevalent in all aortic disease groups than in the control group.
- No significant differences in AHI or ODI were found between thoracic and abdominal AD subgroups.
Conclusions:
- High incidences of moderate to severe OSA were observed in patients with TAA, AAA, and AD.
- OSA is suggested as a potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of aortic diseases.
- Mechanisms beyond negative intrathoracic pressure may contribute to OSA's role in aortic disease development.
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