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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

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Published on: August 24, 2012

Glucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapy.

Dominique J-F de Quervain1, Dorothée Bentz, Tanja Michael

  • 1Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortisol administration significantly enhanced exposure therapy for acrophobia (fear of heights). Patients receiving cortisol showed greater fear reduction and reduced anxiety during virtual reality exposure compared to placebo.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Behavioral exposure therapy for anxiety disorders is thought to depend on fear extinction.
  • Preclinical research suggests glucocorticoids may facilitate extinction processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if administering cortisol could enhance exposure therapy effectiveness.
  • To assess cortisol's impact on fear reduction in patients with specific phobias.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  • 40 patients with specific phobia for heights received virtual reality exposure therapy.
  • Cortisol (20 mg) or placebo was given orally before each of three therapy sessions.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol administration led to significantly greater fear reduction in acrophobia compared to placebo, assessed via the Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ).
  • Patients receiving cortisol exhibited reduced acute anxiety during virtual exposure and a smaller increase in skin conductance levels post-treatment and at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that cortisol administration can augment extinction-based psychotherapy.
  • Cortisol may be a valuable adjunct in treating phobias and anxiety disorders through enhanced fear extinction.