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Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses.

Mangirdas Malinauskas1, Paulius Danilevičius, Saulius Juodkazis

  • 1Laser Nanophotonics Group, Laser Research Center, Department of Quantum Electronics, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania. mangirdas.malinauskas@ff.vu.lt

Optics Express
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

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Picosecond laser direct write enables sub-wavelength 3D polymer structuring, offering an accessible alternative to femtosecond lasers. This method achieves resolutions of 200-500 nm for applications in biomedicine and optics.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) direct write fabrication typically relies on ultra-short femtosecond lasers.
  • Accessibility to 3D direct write technologies is limited by the cost and complexity of femtosecond laser systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of picosecond (ps) laser exposure for sub-wavelength 3D polymer structuring.
  • To investigate the influence of laser parameters on photopolymerization mechanisms and resolution.
  • To explore the fabrication of 3D structures for practical applications using ps laser direct write.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hybrid sol-gel resist (SZ2080) for photopolymerization experiments.
  • Employed picosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths.

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  • Varied pulse durations (8-25 ps) and repetition rates (0.2-1 MHz) to study structuring resolution and mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved sub-wavelength structuring resolution of approximately 200-500 nm.
    • Identified dominant photopolymerization mechanisms (linear power dependence vs. two-photon absorption) based on repetition rates and pulse durations.
    • Demonstrated thermal accumulation as a key factor in polymerization at higher repetition rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Picosecond laser direct write is a viable and accessible method for high-resolution 3D polymer structuring.
    • Understanding laser-material interaction mechanisms allows for precise control over fabrication quality and fidelity.
    • Fabricated 3D scaffolds and microlenses showcase the potential of this technology for biomedical and optical applications.