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Longitudinal Research

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Measuring older adults' sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

Paul A Gardiner¹, Bronwyn K Clark, Genevieve N Healy

¹Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. p.gardiner@uq.edu.au

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|March 31, 2011

Summary

A new questionnaire accurately measures total sedentary time in older adults, showing good reliability and validity. This tool is suitable for evaluating interventions aimed at reducing prolonged sitting in this population.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Preventive Medicine
Behavioral Science

Background:

Prolonged sitting is linked to negative health outcomes.
Older adults are the most sedentary demographic group.
High-quality measurement tools are needed to assess sedentary behavior interventions in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a self-report sedentary behavior questionnaire.
The questionnaire assesses common sedentary activities in older adults, including TV viewing, computer use, reading, socializing, transport, and hobbies.
A summary measure of total sedentary time was also assessed.

Main Methods:

Nonworking older adults (n=48, age 73±8 yr) completed the questionnaire thrice over 2 weeks.
Participants also wore accelerometers for 6-day periods to measure sedentary time.
Test-retest reliability, validity (comparing self-report to accelerometer data), and responsiveness to change were analyzed.

Main Results:

Excellent reliability was found for television viewing, computer use, and reading.
Total sedentary time demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability (ρ=0.52) and modest validity (ρ=0.30).
The self-report measure of total sedentary time was responsive to change, similar to accelerometer data.

Conclusions:

The summary measure of total sedentary time exhibits good repeatability and modest validity.
The questionnaire is sufficiently responsive to change, making it suitable for interventions targeting older adults.
This tool can aid in evaluating the effectiveness of strategies to decrease sedentary behavior in the elderly.