Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circuit Terminology01:14

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.
First-Order Circuits01:15

First-Order Circuits

First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
One common example of a first-order circuit is the RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. These circuits are used in relaxation oscillators such as neon lamp oscillator circuits. When voltage is...
Linear Circuits01:17

Linear Circuits

A linear circuit is characterized by its output having a direct proportionality to its input, adhering to the linearity property, which encompasses the principles of homogeneity (scaling) and additivity. Homogeneity dictates that when the input, also referred to as the excitation, is multiplied by a constant factor, the output, known as the response, is correspondingly scaled by the same constant factor. For instance, if the current is multiplied by a constant 'k,' the voltage likewise...
Electric Circuit Elements01:21

Electric Circuit Elements

Circuit elements are the basic building blocks of an electric circuit. Essentially, an electric circuit is the interconnection of these elements. Within electric circuits, one can find two types of elements: passive and active. Active elements have the ability to generate energy, whereas passive elements do not. Passive elements include components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, while active elements typically encompass generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.
The most...
Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
Applications of RC Circuits01:22

Applications of RC Circuits

A relaxation oscillator is one of the applications of RC circuits. A neon lamp relaxation oscillator comprises a capacitor, a resistor, a voltage source, and a lamp. The lamp acts like an open circuit, with infinite resistance until the potential difference across the lamp reaches a specific voltage. At that voltage, the lamp acts like a short circuit with zero resistance, and the capacitor discharges through the lamp, thus producing light. Once the capacitor is fully discharged through the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Protein kinase C isoforms at the neuromuscular junction: localization and specific roles in neurotransmission and development.

Journal of anatomy·2013
Same author

Decreased phosphorylation of δ and ε subunits of the acetylcholine receptor coincides with delayed postsynaptic maturation in PKC θ deficient mouse.

Experimental neurology·2010
Same author

Extracellular ATP in activity-dependent remodeling of the neuromuscular junction.

Developmental neurobiology·2007
Same author

Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in myotube-cholinergic neuron cocultures.

Journal of neuroscience research·2006
Same author

Measurement of CGRP in dried blood spots using a modified sandwich enzyme immunoassay.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2006
Same author

Activity-dependent synapse modulation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

Current Alzheimer research·2005
Same journal

β-Hydroxybutyrate Exposure is Associated with Increased TH<sup>+</sup> Neuron Abundance and Dopaminergic-Related Transcriptional Features in Human Midbrain Organoids.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same journal

The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Micro-RNA in Parkinson's Disease.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same journal

An Engineered Multifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting Aβ Oligomers, Microglia and Autophagy Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Plasma Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Across the Continuum: A Systematic Review of SIMOA-Based Studies.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Loss of miR-204 Drives NPTX1-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Prdm15 Deficiency Results in Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Autism-Like Behaviors.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
10:46

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

Codes and circuits.

Phillip G Nelson1

  • 1National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. nelsonp@mail.nih.gov

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|March 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marshall Nirenberg

More Related Videos

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
13:56

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
11:54

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
10:46

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
13:56

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
11:54

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Marshall Nirenberg's legacy includes deciphering the genetic code.
  • Nirenberg shifted to neurobiology, exploring a potential neural code for brain function.
  • Neural cell adhesion molecules are implicated in neural circuit formation.

Discussion:

  • This review examines neural cell adhesion molecules involved in neural circuit development.
  • Focuses on the role of presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins.
  • Their specific binding may form part of the neural code for synaptic circuit assembly.

Key Insights:

  • Neurexin-neuroligin binding is a potential component of the neural code.
  • This interaction is crucial for the formation of specific synaptic circuits.
  • Highlights the molecular basis of neural circuit development.

Outlook:

  • Further research into neurexin-neuroligin interactions can elucidate neural coding.
  • Understanding these molecules may reveal mechanisms underlying brain function.
  • Potential implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and brain repair.