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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
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The caloric stimulus: temperature generation within the temporal bone.

G O'neill1

  • 1From the E.N. T. Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caloric irrigation of the ear transfers heat to the inner ear primarily through natural convection in the middle ear cleft. This process is crucial for vestibular labyrinth stimulation during thermal testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Caloric stimulation is a standard method for assessing vestibular function.
  • The precise mechanisms of heat transfer during caloric irrigation remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding heat transfer pathways is vital for accurate interpretation of vestibular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heat transfer pathways during caloric irrigation of the external auditory canal.
  • To determine the role of natural convection in thermal stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth.
  • To quantify temperature changes in the temporal bone and middle ear cleft.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated cadaveric temporal bones were used for experiments.
  • Caloric irrigation was applied to the external auditory meatus.
  • Temperature measurements were taken at the lateral semicircular canal and in the middle ear cleft.

Main Results:

  • A maximum temperature change of 0.47°C was observed at the lateral semicircular canal.
  • Temperature increases of approximately 1.5°C occurred in the middle ear cleft air.
  • Removal of the bony ridge between the external meatus and inner ear had minimal impact on canal temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Natural convection within the middle ear cleft significantly contributes to caloric stimulation.
  • The lack of direct solid connection facilitates heat transfer via convection.
  • These findings highlight the importance of middle ear air dynamics in vestibular testing.