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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

Human pluripotent stem cells: decoding the naïve state.

Wenlin Li1, Sheng Ding

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cells are key to regenerative medicine. Understanding their different functional states, like human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and naïve stem cells, is crucial for advancing clinical applications and drug discovery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are fundamental to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
  • hPSCs exhibit diverse functional states, including the conventional human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and the mouse ESC-like naïve state.
  • Characterizing these distinct cellular states is essential for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of understanding the different functional states of human pluripotent stem cells.
  • To emphasize the need for comprehensive characterization of these states for clinical applications.
  • To underscore the role of pluripotent stem cells in advancing therapeutics discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of pluripotent stem cell states.
  • Functional characterization assays.
  • State-specific marker identification.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotent stem cells exist in multiple functional states with distinct properties.
  • The transition between states (e.g., epiblast to naïve) impacts cellular functionality.
  • Detailed characterization is necessary to differentiate and utilize these states effectively.

Conclusions:

  • Fully characterizing human pluripotent stem cell states is critical for their successful application in regenerative medicine.
  • Understanding these states will accelerate the development of new therapies and improve drug discovery.
  • Harnessing the plasticity of pluripotent stem cells holds significant promise for clinical translation.