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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

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Published on: June 19, 2018

Combined X-ray diffraction and kinetic depth effect imaging.

Anthony Dicken1, Keith Rogers, Paul Evans

  • 1Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, UK. a.dicken@cranfield.ac.uk

Optics Express
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new imaging technique combining depth-resolved X-ray diffraction with visual encoding to identify materials within an object. The method successfully demonstrates proof of principle for material discrimination in 3D imaging.

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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Imaging Technology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Traditional X-ray imaging lacks material discrimination capabilities.
  • Depth-resolved imaging is crucial for understanding complex internal structures.
  • Angular dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) provides material-specific information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technique integrating depth-resolved imaging with ADXRD for material identification.
  • To visually encode material information within transmission images.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of this combined approach.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of depth-resolved transmission image sequences.
  • Application of angular dispersive X-ray diffraction to identify material signatures.
  • Visual encoding of identified materials within the images, weighted by match certainty.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of the combined imaging and diffraction technique.
  • Volumes within the object were visually encoded based on matched material diffraction patterns.
  • The intensity of highlighted areas reflected the certainty of material identification.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method offers a proof of principle for depth-resolved material discrimination.
  • This technique has potential for advanced 3D material analysis.
  • Future work could involve scaling up the technique for broader applications.