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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Published on: August 22, 2018

Current understanding of egg allergy.

Jean-Christoph Caubet¹, Julie Wang

¹Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Pediatrics Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York City, NY 10029, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America

|April 2, 2011

Summary

Egg allergy is common in children, impacting quality of life. Diagnosis involves clinical history and specific IgE tests, with management focused on avoidance and education for allergic reactions.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Clinical Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Egg allergy is a significant childhood allergen, affecting quality of life.
Diagnosis involves identifying IgE-mediated reactions and considering non-IgE-mediated conditions like eosinophilic gut diseases.
Management focuses on avoidance and emergency treatment education.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of egg allergy in children.
To discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and natural history of egg allergy.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on egg allergy.
Discussion of diagnostic criteria including clinical history and serological tests (egg white-specific IgE).
Exploration of management principles and natural progression of the condition.

Main Results:

Egg allergy diagnosis is confirmed by clinical history and egg white-specific IgE detection for IgE-mediated reactions.
Non-IgE-mediated reactions, including eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, can also occur.
Effective management relies on strict egg avoidance and preparedness for allergic reactions.

Conclusions:

Egg allergy requires careful diagnosis, differentiating between IgE and non-IgE mediated responses.
Management strategies emphasize avoidance and education to mitigate risks and improve patient outcomes.
Understanding the natural history is crucial for long-term care and prognosis.