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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Targeted therapies for thyroid tumors.

Steven I Sherman1

  • 1Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. sisherma@mdanderson.org

Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
|April 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies targeting angiogenesis show promise for advanced thyroid cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors offer new treatment options, improving progression-free survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients.

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Systemic chemotherapy offers limited effectiveness for advanced or metastatic thyroid carcinomas.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are essential for differentiated or medullary thyroid carcinomas unresponsive to conventional treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of novel therapies for advanced or metastatic thyroid carcinoma.
  • To highlight the role of anti-angiogenic agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and published studies on novel therapies for thyroid carcinoma.
  • Focus on agents targeting angiogenesis, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.
  • Analysis of data from single-agent studies and randomized controlled trials.

Main Results:

  • Partial response rates up to 30% observed with single-agent anti-angiogenic therapies.
  • Prolonged disease stabilization is a commonly observed outcome.
  • Vandetanib demonstrated improved progression-free survival in a phase III trial for medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapies, especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting angiogenesis, offer considerable promise for advanced thyroid carcinoma.
  • These agents are well-tolerated and represent viable alternatives, with some potentially seeking regulatory approval.
  • Emphasis on clinical trial participation is crucial for patients with advanced or metastatic thyroid carcinoma.