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Related Concept Videos

ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Recombinant α- β- and γ-Synucleins Stimulate Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Activity in Cell Free Assays
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Antisynthetase syndrome.

Elena Katzap1, Maria-Louise Barilla-LaBarca, Galina Marder

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Allergy-Clinical Immunology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, 2800 Marcus Avenue, Suite 200, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA. ebogach@nshs.edu

Current Rheumatology Reports
|April 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) involves autoantibodies to aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases, leading to interstitial lung disease and myositis. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are crucial for managing this rare autoimmune condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) is an autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies to aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases.
  • Key autoantibodies include anti-histidyl (Jo-1), implicated in AS pathogenesis.
  • AS presents with interstitial lung disease (ILD), myositis, arthropathy, fever, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mechanic's hands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic value of lung biopsy, and therapeutic strategies for antisynthetase syndrome.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing AS in atypical presentations of inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antisynthetase syndrome.
  • Analysis of clinical features, diagnostic markers, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary involvement in AS significantly impacts morbidity and mortality.
  • Lung biopsy is essential for diagnosing ILD etiology, guiding treatment, and prognosis in AS.
  • Muscle disease in AS mimics polymyositis but shows dermatomyositis-like histology.
  • Arthritis in AS can resemble rheumatoid arthritis, necessitating consideration in atypical cases.

Conclusions:

  • Antisynthetase syndrome requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients with overlapping features of ILD, myositis, and arthritis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, initiated with corticosteroids and potentially requiring immunosuppressants, are vital for improving patient outcomes.