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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Two three-dimensional 2p-3d-4f heterometallic frameworks featuring a Ln6Cu24Na12 cluster as a node.

Gui-Lin Zhuang¹, Wen-Xian Chen, Hai-Xia Zhao

¹State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Inorganic Chemistry

|April 5, 2011

Summary

New heterometallic frameworks with Ln(6)Cu(24)Na(12) nodes were synthesized. These materials exhibit interesting magnetic properties and proton conductivity, paving the way for novel applications.

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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Magnetochemistry

Background:

Heterometallic frameworks are advanced materials with tunable properties.
Lanthanide-copper-based clusters offer unique magnetic and structural characteristics.
Microwave-assisted synthesis provides efficient routes to complex materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel 3D heterometallic frameworks using Ln(6)Cu(24)Na(12) clusters.
To investigate the magnetic and electrical properties of the synthesized materials.
To explore potential applications based on observed properties.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal synthesis utilizing microwave irradiation.
Reaction of L-alanine-N-monoacetic acid (H(2)ANMA), metal nitrates (Ln(NO(3))(3), Cu(NO(3))(2)), and NaOH.
Magnetic property measurements (e.g., SQUID magnetometry).
Electrical conductivity measurements.

Main Results:

Two 3D heterometallic frameworks, Ln(6)Cu(24)Na(12) (Ln = Gd, Dy), were successfully synthesized.
Framework 1 (Ln=Gd) demonstrated ferrimagnetic behavior.
Framework 1 exhibited proton conductivity, indicating potential as an electrolyte material.

Conclusions:

The study successfully synthesized novel heterometallic frameworks with potential for magnetic and proton conductive applications.
The findings highlight the utility of Ln(6)Cu(24)Na(12) clusters in designing functional materials.
Further research can explore optimizing these frameworks for specific technological uses.