Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Catalytic surface degradation of (CF<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>O to CF<sub>3</sub>H at a Si-teflate doped aluminium chlorofluoride Lewis superacid.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Mechanochemical Upcycling of Polyvinylidene Fluoride: Lewis Acid Induced Generation of Sodium Aluminium Fluorides.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

A Pore or not a Pore? Understanding Pore Size Distributions of Non-Graphitic Carbon and Atomically-Dispersed M-N-C Materials.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Scaling up mechanochemical reactions: linking crystalline phase evolution studied <i>via in situ</i> PXRD with kinetics from MCR-ALS.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Unveiling Solvent-Mediated Mechanochemical Cocrystallization Pathways by <i>In Situ</i> CLASSIC NMR Spectroscopy.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Operando Investigation of Mechanochemically Synthesized Ni-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation.

ChemSusChem·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Deciphering the sulfate attack of cementitious materials by high-resolution micro-X-ray diffraction.

Moritz C Schlegel1, Urs Mueller, Ulrich Panne

  • 1BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

Analytical Chemistry
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a method to analyze sulfate attack in cementitious materials using micro-X-ray diffraction. It reveals phase changes within the microstructure without sample destruction, aiding durability assessments.

More Related Videos

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
09:16

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

Published on: June 8, 2016

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Cementitious material durability is crucial for building longevity.
  • Chemical attacks, like sulfate ingress, degrade material over time.
  • Understanding microstructural changes is key to predicting material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a non-destructive method for analyzing phase composition changes in cementitious materials due to sulfate attack.
  • To investigate the microstructural effects of sulfate ingress on cementitious materials.
  • To compare the performance of materials with and without supplementary cementitious materials under sulfate attack.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synchrotron-based micro-X-ray diffraction (μX-ray) in Debye-Scherrer geometry for 10 μm spatial resolution.
  • Employed micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) analysis to localize reaction fronts.
  • Integrated high-resolution imaging with phase analysis for detailed microstructural and microchemical investigation (e.g., SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy).

Main Results:

  • Successfully analyzed phase transformations within the microstructure caused by sulfate ingress.
  • Observed detailed degeneration processes in samples with and without supplementary cementitious materials.
  • Localized reaction fronts and identified phase assemblages non-destructively.

Conclusions:

  • The developed μX-ray diffraction approach enables detailed, non-destructive analysis of chemical attack-induced phase changes in cementitious materials.
  • This method provides insights into material degradation mechanisms, crucial for enhancing durability.
  • The study highlights the potential for comparative analysis of material performance and the influence of supplementary cementitious materials.