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Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications
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Quantum dot penetration into viable human skin.

Tarl W Prow1, Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere, Alfred O Inman

  • 1Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Nanotoxicology
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface modifications and pH affect quantum dot (QD) nanoparticle penetration in human skin. Intact skin showed limited QD penetration, but tape-stripped skin allowed all QDs to penetrate the epidermis and dermis within 24 hours.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotoxicology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle surface modification and formulation pH are critical factors in nanotoxicology and nanomedicine.
  • Understanding nanoparticle penetration through human skin is essential for developing effective topical and transdermal delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of surface modification (PEG, PEG-NH₂, PEG-COOH) and pH on quantum dot (QD) penetration in intact and tape-stripped human skin.
  • To determine the penetration depth and kinetics of QDs in human skin models.

Main Methods:

  • Laser-scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to visualize and quantify QD penetration.
  • Viable excised human skin (intact and tape-stripped) was used as a model.
  • Three types of QDs with different surface modifications were tested at various pH levels.

Main Results:

  • Limited penetration of PEG-QDs into intact viable epidermis was observed at pH 8.3, but not at pH 7.0 or for other QDs.
  • After removing 30 strips of stratum corneum, all tested QDs demonstrated penetration through the viable epidermis and into the upper dermis within 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Stratum corneum integrity significantly influences QD skin penetration.
  • Surface modification and pH play a role in QD penetration through intact skin, but this barrier is overcome upon stratum corneum removal.