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Updated: Jun 3, 2026
07:45
Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
Published on: December 1, 2023
Vocal cord dysfunction: an update.
Leslie M Gimenez1, Heidi Zafra
1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, USA. lgimenez@mcw.edu
Summary
Early recognition of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is crucial to avoid misdiagnosing asthma. While diagnosis involves visualizing vocal cord adduction, further research is needed to standardize methods and explore noninvasive tests.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Pulmonology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) presents with symptoms often mistaken for asthma.
- The exact pathogenesis of VCD remains unclear, with laryngeal hyperresponsiveness implicated in some cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical manifestations of VCD.
- To discuss recent advancements in VCD diagnosis and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Conducted PubMed searches for relevant articles on VCD presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
- Focused on articles published within the last 8 years for "newest developments."
Main Results:
- Spirometry findings for VCD diagnosis show variable utility in recent studies.
- Diagnosis typically relies on direct visualization of vocal cord adduction during laryngoscopy, with varying provocation methods.
- Noninvasive diagnostic tests are also being evaluated.
Conclusions:
- Early VCD recognition and treatment are vital to prevent asthma misdiagnosis and mismanagement.
- VCD and asthma can coexist, highlighting the need for accurate differential diagnosis.
- Further standardization of diagnostic laryngoscopy provocation methods and validation of noninvasive tests are required.
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