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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
Published on: June 13, 2021
Altered prefrontal cortical function during processing of fear-relevant stimuli in pregnancy
Annerine Roos1, Frances Robertson, Christine Lochner
1MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. aroos@sun.ac.za
Pregnancy alters prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during fear processing, correlating with anxiety symptoms and hormone changes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) safely measured this neural circuitry activation in pregnant individuals.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Reproductive Medicine
Background:
- The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates emotion and anxiety in non-pregnant individuals.
- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a safe method for assessing cortical neural activation during pregnancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate PFC neural circuitry involved in processing fear-relevant stimuli during pregnancy using NIRS.
- To examine associations between PFC activation, anxiety symptoms, attention, and hormone levels (cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) in pregnant individuals.
Main Methods:
- Utilized near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in response to fearful faces.
- Compared neural activation between pregnant individuals (across trimesters) and a non-pregnant control group.
- Assessed correlations between PFC activation and psychological measures (distress, anxiety, attention) and hormone levels.
Main Results:
- Significant PFC activation in response to fearful stimuli was observed in both pregnant and control groups.
- PFC activation peaked during the second trimester of pregnancy.
- In pregnant women, PFC activation correlated with increased distress and anxiety, and decreased attention to masked fear, alongside elevated cortisol and testosterone levels.
Conclusions:
- Prefrontal cortex (PFC) function is altered during the processing of fear-relevant stimuli in pregnancy.
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy may influence PFC function, impacting cognitive-affective processing and anxiety.
- Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms of PFC alterations and their implications for threat processing and anxiety management during pregnancy.
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