Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
10:52
Enteric Bacterial Invasion Of Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro Is Dramatically Enhanced Using a Vertical Diffusion Chamber Model
Published on: October 22, 2013
[Invasive gastroenteritis, anything new?]
M Aurora Echeita Sarrionandia1, Silvia Herrera León, Cristina Simón Baamonde
1Laboratorio de Enterobacterias, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España. aecheita@isciii.es
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|April 5, 2011
Summary
Emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- variants and Shigella spp.-enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) have evolved independently. These pathogens cause invasive gastroenteritis, highlighting convergent evolution in bacterial virulence.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Invasive gastroenteritis presents with fever and inflammatory diarrhea.
- Nontyphoidal Salmonella, Shigella spp., and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) are key causative agents.
- Monophasic variants of Salmonella enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- are emerging globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging monophasic Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- variants.
- To provide an evolutionary perspective on Shigella spp. and EIEC as a unified pathotype.
- To discuss the convergent evolution of Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- clonal lines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Salmonella and Shigella/EIEC evolution and characteristics.
- Analysis of emerging Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- clonal lines and their resistance profiles.
- Comparison of virulence mechanisms and genetic elements between Shigella spp. and EIEC.
Main Results:
- Distinct "Spanish," "European," and "American" clonal lines of multidrug-resistant Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- have emerged.
- These Salmonella variants likely evolved from Salmonella Typhimurium via convergent evolution.
- Shigella spp. and EIEC share virulence factors and invasion plasmids, evolving from distinct E. coli lineages into a single pathotype.
- IpaH gene detection serves as a diagnostic tool for Shigella-like strains.
Conclusions:
- Convergent evolution has led to the emergence of distinct, drug-resistant Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- clonal lines.
- Shigella spp. and EIEC represent a single pathotype due to shared virulence mechanisms and evolutionary origins.
- Understanding these evolutionary pathways is crucial for controlling invasive gastroenteritis.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:18Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
01:12Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
01:26Gastritis II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:20Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...