Development and evaluation of cyclodextrin complexed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for preferential albumin adsorption

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a key biomaterial, but its surface properties can be modified for enhanced biological interactions.
• Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic exterior, useful for molecular complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the incorporation of β-CD into HA structures.
• To evaluate the effects of β-CD on HA phase, protein adsorption, and biological responses.
• To explore the potential of HA/β-CD complexes for targeted drug delivery.

Main Methods:

• Co-precipitation method for synthesizing HA/β-CD complexes (up to 0.9 wt% β-CD).
• Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), and differential scanning analysis (DSC).
• Analysis of particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and protein adsorption via PAGE and Lowry measurements.

Main Results:

• HA/β-CD complexes were successfully synthesized with sizes ranging from 150 nm to 350 nm.
• Increased β-CD concentration enhanced hydrophobicity and promoted albumin adsorption, with a 0.7 wt% β-CD sample showing a 40% increase compared to a 0.5 wt% sample.
• In vitro studies indicated good biocompatibility through cell aggregation and haemolytic activity tests.

Conclusions:

• HA/β-CD complexes demonstrate tunable surface properties, particularly enhanced albumin affinity.
• These complexes show significant potential for applications in targeted drug delivery systems.
• The findings support the development of advanced biomaterials with tailored biological interactions.