Development and evaluation of cyclodextrin complexed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for preferential albumin adsorption

Our study focuses on the incorporation of β-CD into the HA structure, its effects on the phase of HA and the biological responses to proteins and blood cells. Hydroxyapatite (HA) containing levels of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) of upto 0.9 wt% has been produced by co-precipitation method. The complexes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning analysis (DSC) methods. The size of the complexes as analyzed using DLS (dynamic light scattering) was between 150 nm and 350 nm. The results show that an increase in concentration of β-CD in the prepared samples that leads to an increase in hydrophobicity seems to promote an affinity for albumin adsorption. The PAGE results were substantiated by Lowry measurements and the results reveal that the H2 (containing 0.7 wt% β-CD) sample shows around 40% increase in albumin adsorption when compared to the H1 (containing 0.5 wt% β-CD) sample. The preferential adsorption of albumin has not been demonstrated in vivo. The ability to design particles that can preferentially interact with particular protein can obtain desired targeting effects. So the results indicate that HA/β-CD complexes have immense potential in targeted delivery of drugs. The in vivo potential of the developed samples was further confirmed in vitro by the results of cell aggregation and haemolytic activity.