Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Challenging Weight-Tiered Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Obese Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery Using CT-Derived Body Composition.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Toward the Future: A Race-Agnostic, Bayesian Approach to Defining Glomerular Filtration for Personalized Drug Dosing.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Clinical Impact of Linezolid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on the Tolerability of Prolonged Courses in the Outpatient Setting.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Optimizing dalbavancin dosing for complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a multicentre population pharmacokinetic study.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Cefepime pharmacokinetics in critically ill children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using volumetric absorptive microsampling.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten and ledaborbactam in healthy male and female adults.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same journal

Understanding the Clone-Censor-Weight Method in Observational Studies of Antibiotic Duration.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same journal

Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Third-Party Allogeneic BK Virus T Cells.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same journal

Protection Against Recurrent Typhoid Fever Conferred by a Prior Episode: Evidence from a Large Cohort Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same journal

Pre-treatment Gut Microbiome Diversity and Function Linked to Cytotoxic and Natural Killer Cell Immune Responses after N-803 Treatment in People with HIV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same journal

Reconsidering ambiguous language in infectious disease consult recommendations.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Monomicrobial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Target Trial Emulation.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Vancomycin: we can't get there from here.

Nimish Patel1, Manjunath P Pai, Keith A Rodvold

  • 1Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12208, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive vancomycin dosing may not achieve target concentrations for serious MRSA infections with higher MICs. Calculating AUC/MIC ratio is recommended for vancomycin monitoring to ensure efficacy.

More Related Videos

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
06:18

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials

Published on: March 3, 2023

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
06:18

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials

Published on: March 3, 2023

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Current vancomycin dosing guidelines recommend more intensive regimens.
  • The pharmacodynamic profile of these intensive regimens requires characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the pharmacodynamic profile of intensive vancomycin dosing regimens.
  • To assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) and risk of nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulations were used to model vancomycin regimens from 0.5 g IV Q12H to 2 g IV Q12H.
  • Calculated PTA for AUC/MIC ratio ≥ 400 across various MICs (0.5–2 mg/L).
  • Assessed nephrotoxicity risk using a validated logistic regression function based on vancomycin troughs.

Main Results:

  • At a MIC of 2 mg/L, even 2 g IV Q12H yielded only 57% PTA with >35% nephrotoxicity risk.
  • Doses ≥3 g/day achieved >80% PTA at MIC 1 mg/L but carried high nephrotoxicity risks.
  • Restricted analysis (troughs 15–20 mg/L) showed 100% PTA at MICs ≤1 mg/L, with variability at MIC 2 mg/L.

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin may be ineffective for serious MRSA infections with MIC > 1 mg/L due to questionable PTA.
  • An AUC/MIC ratio ≥ 400 is crucial for vancomycin efficacy.
  • Consider incorporating AUC computation in vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring.