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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
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Published on: November 18, 2022

Diabetes cell therapy: a decade later.

M C Vantyghem1, A S Balavoine, R Caiazzo

  • 1Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Surgery and Nephrology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France. mc-vantyghem@chru-lille.fr

Minerva Endocrinologica
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes treatment is complex. Islet transplantation shows promise for insulin independence, but challenges like cell source and side effects remain, requiring further research.

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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Published on: August 20, 2007

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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by loss of insulin secretion and glucose sensing, leading to unstable glycemic control.
  • Stricter T1D management guidelines emphasize the link between HbA1c and microvascular complications, as shown by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).
  • Current T1D therapies focus on optimizing insulin delivery and glucose monitoring, but alternative strategies are needed for brittle cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements and current status of islet transplantation as a therapeutic option for Type 1 diabetes.
  • To identify key factors influencing islet transplantation success, including islet mass and autoimmunity.
  • To discuss the limitations and future directions for islet transplantation in T1D management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on islet transplantation outcomes in Type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of success rates, side effects, and eligibility criteria for islet transplantation.
  • Discussion of challenges related to cell source availability and immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • Islet transplantation success rates for insulin independence have significantly improved, reaching up to 80% at 1 year and 50% at 5 years.
  • Key factors for success include adequate islet mass and control of cellular autoimmunity.
  • Significant challenges persist, including the need for an unlimited source of insulin-producing cells and managing side effects of immunosuppressive drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Islet transplantation, including islet-alone and islet-after-kidney procedures, is a viable option for select T1D patients but remains largely a clinical research procedure.
  • Careful patient selection is crucial, with specific criteria for islet-alone transplantation based on metabolic and renal function.
  • Further assessment of the long-term benefit-risk ratio is necessary before widespread clinical adoption.