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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Dependence of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Results on Pulse Energies and Timing Parameters Using Soil Simulants
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Published on: September 23, 2013

Characterization and forensic analysis of soil samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Sarah C Jantzi1, José R Almirall

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method offers precise elemental analysis for forensic soil discrimination. This technique successfully differentiates soil samples, matching the performance of established methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Geoscience

Background:

  • Quantitative elemental analysis of soil is crucial for forensic investigations.
  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a rapid, non-destructive analytical technique.
  • Previous methods like LA-ICP-MS are effective but can be time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a quantitative LIBS method for elemental analysis of surface soil samples.
  • To assess the efficacy of LIBS for discriminating between soil samples from different geographic locations.
  • To compare the performance of the developed LIBS method with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 266 nm laser for LIBS analysis of bulk soil samples.
  • Optimized LIBS parameters for elemental detection and quantification.
  • Employed statistical analyses including ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, Student's t test, PCA, and linear discriminant analysis for sample discrimination.
  • Compared LIBS results with those obtained from LA-ICP-MS.

Main Results:

  • Achieved precision below 10% for most elements, with limits of detection below 33 ppm.
  • Demonstrated 100% discrimination between soil samples from two distinct sites using statistical tests.
  • Obtained a 99.4% correct classification rate using linear discriminant analysis.
  • LIBS performance was comparable to LA-ICP-MS in terms of elemental information and discrimination capabilities.
  • Spatial heterogeneity studies highlighted the impact of sampling proximity on classification accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantitative LIBS method is a viable and effective tool for forensic soil analysis and discrimination.
  • LIBS provides comparable elemental data to LA-ICP-MS, offering a potentially faster alternative.
  • Accurate geographic characterization of soil requires meticulous sampling strategies due to spatial heterogeneity.