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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
08:34

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

Cytogenetic analysis of telomere dysfunction.

Asha S Multani1, Sandy Chang

  • 1Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dysfunctional telomeres trigger double-strand breaks (DSBs), essential DNA damage. Mammals repair these breaks using nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) to maintain genome stability.

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Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
11:29

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
08:34

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
11:29

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres shorten naturally due to telomerase deficiency.
  • Telomere dysfunction can also result from the loss of telomere-binding proteins.
  • Dysfunctional telomeres are recognized by the cell as double-strand breaks (DSBs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of DNA repair mechanisms in maintaining genome stability.
  • To explain the cellular response to telomere dysfunction.
  • To differentiate between the two primary DSB repair pathways in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on telomere biology and DNA repair.
  • It focuses on the mechanisms of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR).
  • It discusses the observable outcomes of DSB repair, such as chromosomal fusions.

Main Results:

  • Telomere attrition and loss of binding proteins lead to DSBs.
  • DSBs are crucial events for genome stability maintenance.
  • Mammalian cells employ NHEJ (error-prone) and HR (error-free) for DSB repair.

Conclusions:

  • Effective repair of DSBs is vital for preventing genomic instability.
  • Chromosomal fusions are a hallmark of unrepaired or improperly repaired DSBs.
  • Understanding these repair pathways is key to comprehending genome maintenance and disease development.