Provitamin a carotenoid bioavailability:what really matters?

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Human Nutrition
• Public Health

Background:

• Micronutrient malnutrition, termed 'hidden hunger,' affects global populations, with vitamin A deficiency being a major concern.
• Provitamin A carotenoids from plants are crucial human sources of vitamin A, but their bioavailability is influenced by various factors.
• Biofortification of staple foods presents a promising strategy to address widespread vitamin A deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential of biofortified staple crops in combating vitamin A deficiency.
• To highlight the advantages of biofortified staple foods over traditional sources for nutrient delivery.
• To emphasize the interdisciplinary approach required for successful implementation of biofortification programs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing research on provitamin A carotenoid biofortification in staple crops.
• Analysis of factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion to retinol.
• Assessment of the accessibility and impact of biofortified staple foods on vulnerable populations.

Main Results:

• Staple crops biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids demonstrate more efficient conversion to retinol compared to vegetables.
• Maize, rice, and cassava are accessible and cost-effective sources for populations at risk of malnutrition.
• Biofortification initiatives for sweet potato, maize, cassava, and rice are progressing at varying stages.

Conclusions:

• Interdisciplinary collaboration among plant breeders, nutritionists, government agencies, and communities is vital for delivering biofortified crops.
• Key steps include crop development, nutritional validation, education, and promotion of biofortified varieties.
• Strong links between agriculture, nutrition, and health sectors are essential to eradicate hidden hunger.